How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms as well as any history of ADHD. The doctor will also review your family history.
Often, people are diagnosed with ADHD later in life. An event that is significant, such as a pregnancy or relationship problems can prompt awareness of the issue. Finding a diagnosis is the first step in managing ADHD symptoms and improving functioning.
Characteristics
Children who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD have significant difficulty sitting still, waiting to be called, and paying attention at school or other environments. These issues can greatly impact their performance at work, home, or school. The symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity must have been present for at least six months, and be significantly more than what is expected for their age or developmental stage. They must be causing major problems at school, at work, home and in relationships.
A certified health professional must conduct a clinical evaluation to determine the presence of ADHD. This could include a thorough physical examination and a check for other conditions that could cause similar symptoms to depression or thyroid disease. The health care provider may also review the patient's medical, psychiatric and academic records. Additionally, he will interview the person about the symptoms they are experiencing. Children are asked questions in accordance with their age. parents can be interviewed.
The provider will use the American Psychiatric Association's clinical guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in children and adults that are described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The doctor will examine the patient's past and current behavior and how it affects their professional, social and family life. If it is possible, he or she will review the person's behavior in their childhood and school experiences as well.
When evaluating adults, a healthcare professional will consider whether they have a mental health issue that is co-occurring, and the presence of ADHD in the family. People who have family members with the disorder are more prone to develop it themselves.
If a healthcare professional suspects someone is suffering from ADHD, he or she will conduct an extensive clinical assessment which includes reviewing their current symptoms and requesting that they keep a daily diary of their symptoms for some weeks. The doctor may also inquire about any other issues they may have, and then use the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if the individual meets any of the ADHD criteria.
Diagnosis
Many health professionals who specialize in mental illness or have an interest in ADHD can conduct screenings and determine the severity of the disorder. This includes clinical psychologists nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists. Family doctors may diagnose ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. They might recommend adults to undergo a thorough assessment.
Read the Full Report to diagnose ADHD is an extensive medical examination which includes a thorough assessment of hearing and vision. In addition, a specialist might suggest a brain scan called an EEG-Based Assessment Tool, or NEBA to determine the concentration of beta and theta waves in the brain. This type of scanning can be used to screen for ADHD in a non-invasive, secure method.
In an interview with the individual an examiner reviews the patient's medical and mental background dating back to childhood, and also his current symptoms and coping strategies. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
For teens and children who are being assessed for ADHD the doctor may have teachers and other professionals who spend much time with the child to complete questionnaires or checklists. They may also ask parents complete such forms. For adults, he or she will often discuss marriage with spouses and other close friends, and also co-workers and may also interview relatives who know the person from their childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The doctor will determine the duration for which symptoms have been present and whether they cause problems at home, at school, at work, or in any other area of life.
The mental health professional should also look for other disorders that share symptoms with ADHD such as depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder. The professional should also search for physical causes, like thyroid issues or sleep disorders. Additionally an extensive screening will also examine the person's emotional, social and family history.
Treatment
Children with ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. Families can assist by encouraging the school staff to monitor their child's behavior, giving positive feedback, and showing flexible and patience. They can also help teach the child relaxation techniques and techniques for calming, such as meditation or yoga. Many children with ADHD benefit from regular physical exercise and a healthy diet which can help enhance their ability to concentrate and focus. Drinks and foods that are high in sugar can worsen symptoms. They should also sleep enough.
ADHD symptoms can persist throughout the adolescent years, and into adulthood. In adults, they may manifest in the form of problems at work or in relationships. A healthcare professional will conduct an evaluation to determine if a person is suffering from ADHD and how severe it is. The evaluation typically includes an examination of the mental health history, a physical exam and interviews with the person as well as his or her parents, spouse or a life partner, and others who know the person well. The doctor may request an inventory of the person's symptoms and how they impact him or her. The doctor may also use rating scales or other tests to determine whether the person meets the standard criteria for ADHD. They will also take a history of any medical issues that have a tendency to mimic the symptoms of ADHD such as seizures and thyroid disorders.
If someone is diagnosed with ADHD, a medication will usually be prescribed to manage the symptoms. Stimulants are among the most commonly prescribed medications used to treat ADHD in adults and children. These drugs can cause negative side effects. A person should only take these medications under the supervision of a doctor and with prescription. Inform your doctor about the medications you take. Certain medications can interact with stimulants, causing dangerous side effects. Many people suffering from ADHD need to try a variety of types and dosages before they find one that is suitable for him or her.
The following is a list with preventions.
In some cases, reducing the exposure to environmental triggers can help prevent ADHD symptoms. This could include the way you eat, your sleep habits, family structure, medication and exercise. A GP can assist you in finding ways to manage these triggers, and refer you for additional support or to a dietitian who can suggest changes to your diet.
Children can also be assisted by maintaining their routines by limiting sugar and caffeine and taking regular vitamins and minerals supplements (consult your GP). Avoid taking supplements that do not have research-based backing or that might interfere with certain medications.
Adults who suspect they be suffering from ADHD should see a mental health professional like psychologist or psychiatrist to get an assessment. The doctor will review medical records, perform physical examinations and conduct a thorough medical history to rule out other possible causes for the symptoms. The therapist will discuss the symptoms with the patient, observe the person's behavior and apply the standard ratings scales. They will also look at the presence and duration of core ADHD symptoms, and if they cause significant impairment in a person's life.
A therapist can work with a patient and their family members to improve parenting skills, teach time management and other techniques for organizing. They can also instruct the patient in metacognitive skills which includes the identification and correction of "thinking distortions" which can lead to negative moods or the perception of a lack of options. Psychologists are able to prescribe certain medications and work with mental health professionals to provide a comprehensive treatment.
Parents can also help by providing a secure and loving home, setting clear expectations and rewarding, encouraging good sleep hygiene and avoiding stimulants. They should encourage their child to be social and establish a healthy bond between them and their loved ones.
School staff can provide valuable information regarding behavior and learning problems in a student However, they are not able to diagnose ADHD or make decisions about treatment. The parents of the child and their healthcare provider must make these decisions, with the assistance of the teacher.